Glossary

Abbreviations, key terms and formulas in the manual's own words, and the modules that use them.

Terms

Validity: Validity asks whether a device measures what it claims to measure.; Defined in: Module 1, 1.4 Validity and reliability for coaches who are not researchers
Reliability: Reliability asks whether a device gives consistent results when conditions are stable.; Defined in: Module 1, 1.4 Validity and reliability for coaches who are not researchers
Ecological validity: Ecological validity asks whether validity and reliability established in a laboratory hold up in real coaching conditions: wind, sweat, contact, indoor versus outdoor, gripped objects, weather.; Defined in: Module 1, 1.4 Validity and reliability for coaches who are not researchers
Special category of personal data: Health data (heart rate, biomechanical data, sleep, training load) is treated under Article 9 as a special category of personal data, requiring stricter handling.; Defined in: Module 1, 1.5 First-look ethics and GDPR: the consent baseline
Data minimisation: You must apply data minimisation: collect only what you need.; Defined in: Module 1, 1.5 First-look ethics and GDPR: the consent baseline
External load: External load is the dose prescribed by the coach.; Defined in: Module 2, 2.1 Internal load versus external load: the Impellizzeri-Marcora framework
Internal load: Internal load is the body’s response to that dose.; Defined in: Module 2, 2.1 Internal load versus external load: the Impellizzeri-Marcora framework
Baseline: A baseline is not a single number. It is a distribution.; Defined in: Module 3, 3.1 Building an athlete baseline that is actually meaningful
Triangulation: The discipline of triangulation: never act on one metric alone.; Defined in: Module 3, 3.3 Recovery metrics: what they show and what they do not
Tapering: Tapering reduces accumulated fatigue while preserving fitness, allowing peak performance at a competition.; Defined in: Module 3, 3.4 Tapering with wearable confirmation
Number anxiety: Risk of number anxiety: athletes becoming preoccupied with their own metrics in unhelpful ways.; Defined in: Module 3, 3.5 The measurement-burden trade-off
Asymmetry: Inertial measurement units placed on the lower limbs, or instrumented force plates, can quantify side-to-side differences during standardised tests; Defined in: Module 4, 4.3 Asymmetry and movement-quality red flags
Yellow, orange and red flags: A drop of one standard deviation in HRV is one yellow flag; two standard deviations is orange; three is red.; Defined in: Module 4, 4.4 Designing an early-warning system
PDCA cycle: Deming’s PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act) was originally developed for manufacturing quality control but applies cleanly to wearable integration in coaching.; Defined in: Module 5, 5.1 The Plan-Do-Check-Act integration framework
Informed consent: Athletes must be told, in plain language, what data is collected, why, who can access it, with whom it is shared, for how long it is retained, and how they can withdraw.; Defined in: Module 5, 5.2 Data governance and GDPR in coaching practice
RACI matrix: A RACI matrix (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) clarifies who does what for each data domain.; Defined in: Module 5, 5.4 Integrating into a multi-disciplinary staff

Formulas

Session RPE (sRPE): sRPE = RPE × duration (min); Defined in: Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
HR fraction: HR fraction = (HR_avg − HR_rest) / (HR_max − HR_rest); Defined in: Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
Training impulse (TRIMP): TRIMP (Banister, simple form) = duration × HR fraction × weighting; Defined in: Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
Acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR): the ratio of the last 7 days’ load to the rolling 28-day average; Defined in: Module 4, 4.2 Load management and the injury-training paradox; Worked example: Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
Training monotony: Training monotony = mean daily load / standard deviation of daily load (over a week).; Defined in: Module 4, 4.2 Load management and the injury-training paradox
Training strain: Training strain = weekly load × monotony.; Defined in: Module 4, 4.2 Load management and the injury-training paradox
Personal reference range: Define personalised reference ranges, typically ±1 SD from the individual mean for “within normal range”, and ±2 SD for “anomaly worth investigating”.; Defined in: Module 3, 3.1 Building an athlete baseline that is actually meaningful

Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Meaning	First used in
ACWR	Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio	Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
CMJ	Countermovement Jump	Module 3, 3.2 Wearable data inside periodisation frameworks
CV	Coefficient of Variation
EACEA	European Education and Culture Executive Agency
ECG	Electrocardiogram	Module 1, 1.1 A brief evolution of wearable technology in sport
EMG	Electromyography	Module 1, 1.3 Mapping the device market: category-based comparison
GDPR	General Data Protection Regulation	Module 1, 1.5 First-look ethics and GDPR: the consent baseline
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System	Module 1, 1.2 Sensor types and what they actually measure
GPS	Global Positioning System	Module 1, 1.1 A brief evolution of wearable technology in sport
HR	Heart Rate	Module 1, 1.3 Mapping the device market: category-based comparison
HRV	Heart Rate Variability	Module 1, 1.3 Mapping the device market: category-based comparison
HSR	High-Speed Running	Module 4, 4.5 Five worked case studies
ICCE	International Council for Coaching Excellence
IMU	Inertial Measurement Unit	Module 1, 1.2 Sensor types and what they actually measure
LMS	Learning Management System
NSGB	National Sports Governing Body	Module 5, 5.5 Delivery pathways: the operational meta-layer
PDCA	Plan-Do-Check-Act	Module 5, 5.1 The Plan-Do-Check-Act integration framework
PPG	Photoplethysmography	Module 1, 1.2 Sensor types and what they actually measure
PSG	Polysomnography	Module 1, 1.3 Mapping the device market: category-based comparison
RPE	Rating of Perceived Exertion	Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1
RTP	Return-to-Play
sEMG	surface Electromyography	Module 1, 1.2 Sensor types and what they actually measure
sRPE	Session Rating of Perceived Exertion	Module 2, 2.1 Internal load versus external load: the Impellizzeri-Marcora framework
S&C	Strength and Conditioning	Module 4, 4.5 Five worked case studies
TRIMP	Training Impulse	Module 2, 2.1 Internal load versus external load: the Impellizzeri-Marcora framework
WCAG	Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

How the modules connect

Terminology defined in Module 1 is reused throughout.
Module 1, Module 2, Module 3, Module 4, Module 5
Formulas introduced in Module 2 reappear in Modules 3 and 4.
Module 2, Practical lab: Stat Pack #1, Module 3, Module 4
GDPR foundations from Module 1 are deepened in Module 5.
Module 1, 1.5 First-look ethics and GDPR: the consent baseline, Module 5, 5.2 Data governance and GDPR in coaching practice